Physical and psychological conditions and their treatment can substantially affect sexual functioning. That is why it is important that health care professionals address sexual issues in their offices. Based on a case presentation the author describes how biological, psychological, social and relational factors are related to problems with sexual functioning, and how misconceptions about testosterone and gender stereotypes compromise sexological care, particularly for women with a medical condition. In her inaugural speech the author advocates a new definition of sex: pleasure among equals, shared with affection.